مطالعه تنوع گونه‌ای جنس Botrytis جدا شده از گیاهان مختلف در استان آذربایجان غربی و شهرستان سنندج (استان کردستان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار مرکز آموزش عالی شهید باکری میاندوآب، دانشگاه ارومیه، میاندوآب، ایران.

2 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

3 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه

چکیده

جنس Botrytis P. Micheli ex Pers. یکی از بیمارگر‌های کارآمد و همه‌جازی است که سبب ایجاد بیماری‌های مخرب و خسارت‌های مهم اقتصادی در تعداد زیادی از گیاهان در سراسر دنیا می‌شود. به منظور شناسایی گونه‌های این جنس از میزبان‌های مختلف گیاهی، گیاهان دارای علائم آلودگی به این قارچ از باغات و گلخانه‌ها در شهرستان‌های ارومیه، میاندوآب، سردشت و پیرانشهر (استان آذربایجان‌ غربی) و سنندج (استان کردستان) جمع‌‌آوری شدند. در مجموع تعداد 271 جدایه از گیاهان انگور (168 جدایه)، توت‌فرنگی (44 جدایه)، سیب (18 جدایه)، گیاهان زینتی شمعدانی، آلوئه‌ورا و کاکتوس (39 جدایه) و کلم سفید (دو جدایه) به‌دست آمد. بر اساس مقایسه ویژگی‌های ریخت‌‌‌شناختی و تجزیه و تحلیل تبارشناختی نواحی ژنومی G3PDH، HSP60 و RPB2، سه گونه شامل B. cinerea، B. prunorum و B. sinoviticola شناسایی گردید. گونه‌‌‌ی B. prunorum با 125 جدایه، فراوانترین گونه و گونه‌‌‌‌های B. cinerea با 116 جدایه و B. sinoviticola با 30 جدایه در رتبه‌های بعدی از نظر فراوانی قرار گرفتند. گونه B. prunorum گونه جدید برای بیوتای قارچی ایران است و گیاهان انگور، توت‌فرنگی، سیب و شمعدانی میزبان‌های جدید برای این گونه معرفی می‌شوند. همچنین، گیاهان انگور و سیب میزبان‌های جدیدی برای گونه B. sinoviticola گزارش می‌شوند. نتایج آزمون‌ بیماریزایی جدایه‌های منتخب از گونه‌های شناسایی شده روی برگ‌ها و میوه‌های انگور رقم بی‌دانه سفید نشان داد که جدایه‌های گونه‌‌‌های B. cinerea و B. prunorum به ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین شدت بیماریزایی را روی برگ‌ها و میوه‌ها نشان دادند و جدایه‌های گونه B. sinoviticola شدت بیماریزایی متوسطی داشتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Study on the diversity of Botrytis spp. Isolated from different plants in West Azarbaijan province and Sanadaj city (Kurdistan province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • abdollah ahmadpour 1
  • Hosein Nabizadeh 2
  • Youbert Ghosta 3
1 Higher Education Center Shahid Bakeri Miyandoab, Urmia University, Miyandoab, Iran.
2 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Iran.
3 Department of plant protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

The genus Botrytis P. Micheli ex Pers., is an efficient and cosmopolitan plant pathogenic fungus, causing destructive plant disesaes and significant crop losses in a wide variety of plant species all over the world. In order to identification of Botrytis species from different crop plants, symptomatic plants were collected from different orchards and greenhouses in Urmia, Miyandoab, Sardasht and Piranshahr (West Azarbaijan province) and Sanandaj (Kurdistan province). Totally, 271 Botrytis isolates were recovered from grapevine (168 isolates), strawberry (44 isolates), apple (18 isolates), ornamental plants (Geranium, Aloe vera and Cacti) (39 isolates) and white-headed cabbage (2 isolates). Based on comparision of morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses using sequences of three protein coding genes G3PDH, HSP60 and RPB2, three species including Botrytis cinerea, B. prunorum and B. sinoviticola were identified. Botrytis prunorum with 125 isolates were the most prevalent species followed by B. cinerea (116 isolates), and B. sinovticola (30 isolates). Botrytis prunorum is a new species to Iran mycobiota and apple, grapevine, geranium and strawberry are introduced as new hosts (matrix nova) for this species. Also, apple and grapevine are reported here as new hosts for B. sinovticola. Results of pathgenicity tests of the selected isolates from the identified species on leaves and berries of Thompson seedlees grape showed that isolates of B. cinerea and B. prunorum had the highest and lowest aggressiveness on both leaves and fruits, respectively and B. sinoviticola isolates had moderate aggressiveness.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Botrytis
  • complex species
  • gray mold
  • multigene phylogeny
  • pathogenicity
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