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ویژگی‌های ریخت‌شناسی، فنوتیپی و بیماری‌زایی عوامل مولد لکه باکتریایی قارچ دکمه‌ای در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 فارغ التحصیل رشته بیماری شناسی گیاهی دانشگاه شهرکرد

2 استادیار گروه گیاهپزشکی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شهرکرد

3 گروه گیاهپزشکی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شهرکرد

چکیده

بیماری لکه باکتریایی یکی از مهم‌ترین بیماری‌های قارچ دکمه‌ای (Agaricus bisporus) است که باعث کاهش بازارپسندی محصول می‌شود. تحقیق حاضر به منظور بررسی و شناسایی عوامل مولد لکه باکتریایی در چند مرکز پرورش قارچ استان چهارمحال و بختیاری انجام گرفت. از قارچ‌های دارای علائم لکه‌های کرم تا قهوه‌ای و سیاه در کلاهک و ساقه نمونه‌برداری شد و جداسازی باکتری ‌انجام گرفت. ویژگی‌های فنوتیپی و بیوشیمیایی جدایه‌ها بررسی شد. آزمون بیماری‌زایی روی بلوک‌های جدا شده از کلاهک قارچ، روی کلاهک سالم و نیز با تزریق در ساقه قارچ انجام گرفت. تعدادی از جدایه‌های بیماری‌زا بر مبنای خصوصیات فنوتیپی و ردیابی با جفت آغازگر اختصاصی Pt1A/1D در واکنش زنجیره‌ای پلی‌مراز به‌عنوان Pseudomonas tolaasii شناسایی شدند. سایر جدایه‌های بیماری‌زا بر مبنای خصوصیات فنوتیپی، بیماری‌زایی در ساقه و ترادف بخشی از ناحیه 16S rDNA به‌عنوان Ewingella americana شناسایی شدند. جدایه‌های P. tolaasii براساس آزمون های بیماری‌زایی در دو گروه مجزای بیماریزای شدید و بیماریزای خفیف یا غیر‌بیماریزا قرار گرفتند. جدایه‌های این دو گروه از نظر بعضی خصوصیات فنوتیپی مانند رنگ و فرم پرگنه، ایجاد واکنش فوق حساسیت در شمعدانی و توانایی له کردن ورقه‌های سیب‌زمینی متفاوت بودند. بر اساس اطلاعات نگارندگان، تحقیق حاضر اولین توصیف جدایه‌های غیر/کم بیماری‌زای P. tolaasii در ایران و اولین گزارش E. americana از استان چهارمحال و بختیاری می باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Morphological, phenotypic and pathogenicity characters of the bacteria causing blotch on button mushroom in Chaharmahal-o-Bakhtiari province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rohollah Mohammadi Eshkaftaki 1
  • fatemeh Yousefi kopaei 2
  • seyedeh fatemeh nourbakhsh shourabi 3

1 gratuated student in plant pathology, plant protection department, Shahrekord university

2 department of plant protection, faculty of agriculture, shahrekord university, rahbar blvd.

3 department of plant protection, faculty of agriculture, shahrekord university, Shahrekord

چکیده [English]

Bacterial blotch is one of the most important diseases of white button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) which results in consumer demand loss at the marketplace. The main aim of this study was identification of bacteria causing blotches in some mushroom cultivation centers of Chaharmahal-o-Bakhtiari province. Mushrooms with cream to brown or black blotches on caps and stems were collected and bacterial isolation was done. The phenotypic characteristics of isolates were investigated. Pathogenicity tests were performed on excised tissue blocks, on intact caps and by injection to stipe of A. bisporus. Some of pathogenic isolates were identified as Pseudomonas tolaasii based on phenotypic characters and detection by Pt1A/1D primer sets in PCR. The others were identified as Ewingella americana based on phenotypic characters, pathogenicity on stipe and the partial sequence of 16S rDNA region. Based on pathogenicity tests, P. tolaasii isolates were divided in two distinct groups: high pathogenic and low/non-pathogenic. These two groups differed in some phenotypic characters such as type and color of colony, HR on geranium and potato rot test. To the authors'' knowledge, it is the first description of low/non- pathogenic isolate of P. tolaasii and the first report of E. americana from Chaharmahal-o-Bakhtiari province.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • bacterial blotch
  • Pseudomonas tolaasii
  • Agaricus bisporus
  • Pathogenicity test
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بیماریهای گیاهی
دوره 56، شماره 1
بهار 1399
صفحه 33-48
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