گونه‌های Botryosphaeriaceae همراه با سرخشکیدگی و شانکر درختان زیتون در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی،دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

2 بخش گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

3 بخش گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز

چکیده

گونه‌های خانواده Botryosphaeriaceae دارای انتشار جهانی هستند و برخی از گونه‌های آن به عنوان بیمارگرهای مهم درختان شناخته می‌شوند. به منظور شناسایی گونه‌های Botryosphaeriaceae همراه با بیماری‌های شاخه و تنه درختان زیتون، یک بررسی روی این درختان در دو استان کرمان و مازندران انجام شد. نمونه‌برداری در سال 1395 و از شاخه و تنه درختان با نشانه‌های سرخشکیدگی و شانکر انجام گردید. عمل جداسازی از بافت‌های تغییر رنگ یافته بافت چوب و روی محیط کشت عصاره سیب زمینی-دکستروز-آگار (PDA) انجام شد. در این مطالعه 56 جدایه Botryosphaeriaceae از درختان بیمار جداسازی گردید. شناسایی جدایه‌ها بر اساس ویژگی‌های ریخت‌شناختی و تکثیر و تعیین ترادف بخشی از ژن فاکتور بسط دهنده ترجمه (tef-1α) با دو آغازگر EF1-728F و EF1-986R صورت گرفت. بر اساس ویژگی‌های ریخت‌شناختی و مولکولی، پنج گونه Botryosphaeria dothidea (11 جدایه)، Diplodia seriata (هشت جدایه)، Dothiorella sarmentorum (هشت جدایه)،Lasiodiplodia theobromae (هفت جدایه) و Neoscytalidium hyalinum (22 جدایه) شناسایی شدند. آزمون بیماری‌زایی جدایه‌های انتخابی تحت شرایط گلخانه‌ای و روی شاخه‌های بریده شده زیتون انجام گردید. جدایه‌های D. seriata بر اساس طول لکه‌های ایجاد شده در بافت چوب، بیشترین بیماری‌زایی را نشان دادند. این مطالعه اولین گزارش از D. seriata و L. theobromae از درختان زیتون در ایران می‌باشد. علاوه بر این مطالعه انجام شده اولین گزارش از Do. sarmentorum همراه با شانکر و سرخشکیدگی درختان زیتون می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with the die-back and canker of olive trees in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamid Mohammadi 1
  • Mahboobeh Sohrabi 2
  • Zia Banihashemi 3
1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar Univesity of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
2 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
3 Department of Plant Protection College of Agriculture Shiraz University
چکیده [English]

Species of the Botryosphaeriaceae have a worldwide distribution and some species of have been recognized as important pathogens on various trees worldwide. In order to identify the Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with olive trunk diseases, a survey was conducted on trees in Kerman and Mazandaran provinces. In 2016, wood samples were collected from trunk and branches of trees showing dieback and canker symptoms. Fungal isolations were performed from discolored wood tissues on potato dextrose agar (PDA). In this study 56 fungal isolates resembling Botryosphaeriaceae species in colony and culture were obtained from affected trees. All isolates were identified using morphological characteristics and partial sequences of the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (tef-1α) with the primer pairs EF1-728F and EF1-986R. Based on morphological and molecular analysis five species of Botryosphaeriaceae namely, Botryosphaeria dothidea (11 isolates), Diplodia seriata (8 isolates), Dothirella sarmentorum (8 isolates), Lasiodiplodia theobromae (7 isolates) and Neoscytalidium hyalinum (22 isolates) were identified. A pathogenicity trial was performed on detached shoots of olive under greenhouse conditions. Diplodia seriata isolates were the most virulent species based on the length of wood necrosis. This study is the first report of D. seriata and L. theobromae from olive trees in Iran. In addition, this study is the first report of Do. sarmentorum associated with yellowing, canker and dieback symptoms of olive trees.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Trunk diseases
  • decline
  • Botryosphaeriales
  • tef-1α

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بیماریهای گیاهی
دوره 56، شماره 1
بهار 1399
صفحه 49-67

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