Pathogenicity of different populations of the sugar beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii) on sugar beet genotypes

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

Abstract

The aim of this research was to compare the pathogenicity andsome biological and morphological characters of four populations of the sugar beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii, collected from infested farms of Isfahan, Shiraz, West Azerbaijan and Khorasan provinces. The responses of 12 sugar beet genotypes were evaluated in greenhouse based on the female number on the roots. Moreover, the sizes of females of the nematode populations on each genotype were determined, and egg hatching and emergence of the second stage juveniles (J2s) from the cysts were compared. The cluster analysis of genotypes based on the number and size of the females on the plants showed that the genotypes Toucan, Cactus, Fernando, Sanetta cultivars were clustered with the resistant cultivar Pauletta in one group, and the genotypes035,7112*SB36*SB30, 031, 034 and 7112*SB36*SB28 were clustered with the susceptible control (7112*SB36*SB29) in another group. Fewer and smaller females were produced on the resistant genotypes. Nematode population of West Azerbaijan showed a noticeable difference in pathogenicity with Isfahan population and produced fewer and smaller females. Mashhad population had the highest rate of egg hatching and juvenile emergence from cysts compared to the other populations.

Keywords


Damad Zadeh M. 2007. Nematology in agriculture. Andisheh Gostar Publication. 208 p. (In Persian).
EisenbackJ. D. and Zunke U. 1998. Extraction, culturing, and microscopy, pp. 141-155. In: Sharma S. B. (Ed). The cyst nematodes. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands.
GriffinG. D. 1981. Pathological differences in Heterodera schachtii populations. Journal of Nematology 13: 191-195.
HeijbroekW., RoelandsA. J., de JongJ. H., van HulstC., Schoon A. H. L. and MunningR. G. 1988. Sugar beets homozygous for resistance to beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii Schm.), developed from monosomic additions of Beta procumbens to B. vulgaris. Euphytica 38: 121-131.
Lange W. and De BockTh.S.M. 1994. Pre-breeding for nematode resistance in beet. Journal of Sugar Beet Research 31: 13-26.
LangeW., MullerJ. and De Bock Th.S .M. 1993. Virulence in the beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii ) versus some alien genes for resistance in beet. Fundamental and Applied Nematology 16: 447-454.
Mc Farlane J. S., Savitsky H. and Steele A. E. 1982. Breeding for resistance to the sugar beet nematode. Journal of the American Society of Sugar Beet Technologists 21: 311-323.
Mesken M. & Lekkerkerker B. 1988. Selectie op partiele resistentie tegen het bietecystenaaltje in kruisingen van suiker-en voederbieten met B. maritime (selection of partial risistance to the beet cyst nematode in crosses between sugar and fodderbeets and B. maritima). Prophyta Bijlage Januari 68-71.
MüllerJ. 1998. New pathothypes of the beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii) differentiated on alien genes for resistance in beet (Beta vulgaris). Fundamental and Applied Nematology 21: 519-526.
Parvizi R., EshtiaghiH. and Kheyri  M. 1993. Effect of population density of sugar beet nematodes on yield and food elements of root and vein of sugar beet in Azerbaijan. Eleventh Plant Protection. Congress of Iran. Gilan. 129 p.
Rahmani N., Mesbah M., Norouzi P. and Mahmoudi S. B. 2009. Evaluation of resistance of several sugar beet genotypes to cyst nematode in greenhouse conditions. Sugar Beet 25: 13-22. (In Persian with English Summary)
Sikora E. J. and Noel G. R. 1996. Hatch and emergence of Heterodera glycines in root leachate from resistant and susceptible soybean cultivars. Journal of Nematology 28: 501.
Steele A. E. and Savistky H. 1981. Resistance of trisomic and diploid hybrids of Beta vulgaris and B. procumbens to the sugarbeet nematode, Heteroderaschachtii. Journal of Nematology 13: 352-257.
Vahedi S., Rajabi A. Mahmoudi S. B. and Aghaei Zadeh M. 2012 .Evaluation of different sugar beet populations for resistance to beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii Schmidt). Plant Protection 35: 31-43. (In Persian with English Summary)
Warner F. 2008. Sugarbeet cyst nematode. Michigan state university. MSU Diagnostics  services.
Yu M. H. andSteele A. E. 1981. Host-parasite interaction of resistant sugarbeet and Heterodera schachtii. Journal of Nematology 13: 206-212.