تعیین تیپ‌های آمیزشی جدایه‌های قارچ Pyrenophora graminea، عامل لکه نواری جو در شمال غرب ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاهپزشکی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 مرکز آموزش عالی شهید باکری میاندوآب، دانشگاه ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

لکه نواری جو با عامل Pyrenophora graminea یکی از مهم‌ترین و مخرب‌ترین بیماری‌های جو محسوب می‌شود. در طی سال زراعی 1395، 121 جدایه P. graminea از مزارع جو استان‌های آذربایجان‌غربی (میاندوآب)، آذربایجان‌شرقی (میانه)، اردبیل (برجلو) و زنجان (خرمدره) جداسازی شد. پس از شناسایی ریخت‌شناختی و مولکولی جدایه‌ها با آغازگرهای اختصاصی گونه، آغازگرهای تیپ آمیزشی بر اساس نواحی منطقه حفاظت شده α از ایدیومورف MAT-1 و منطقه HMG از ایدیومورف MAT-2 طراحی گردید و فراوانی ایدیومورف‌های تیپ‌های آمیزشی جدایه‌های P. graminea به روش Multiplex PCR مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. از مجموع 121 جدایه، 56 جدایه دارای تیپ آمیزشی MAT-1 و 65 جدایه دارای تیپ آمیزشی MAT-2 در کل جمعیت‌ها بودند. در بین شش جمعیت مورد آزمایش، در جمعیت‌های خرمدره مزرعه (1) و میاندوآب به ترتیب جدایه‌هایی با تیپ آمیزشی MAT-1 و MAT-2 از فراوانی بیشتری برخوردار بودند. با توجه به نتایج آزمون کای اسکوئر (X2)، جمعیت‌های میانه، اردبیل ( مزرعه 1 و 2) و خرمدره مزرعه (2) نسبت به جمعیت‌های میاندوآب و خرمدره مزرعه (1)، فاقد اختلاف معنی‌داری بودند. بنابراین، به نظر می‌رسد چهار جمعیت مربوطه دارای پتانسیل تولیدمثل جنسی بالاتری نسبت به جمعیت‌های میاندوآب و خرمدره مزرعه (1) باشند. به علاوه، جدایه‌ها از همه جمعیت‌ها جهت ارزیابی وضعیت باروری جنسی آنها از طریق تلاقی متقابل با تیپ‌های آمیزشی مخالف مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. پس از گذشت شش ماه سودوتسیوم‌ها تشکیل گردید اما فاقد آسک و آسکوسپور بالغ بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Determination of mating type idiomorphs of Pyrenophora graminea isolates, the causal agent of barley leaf stripe in northwest of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Bita Babakhani 1
  • Abdollah Ahmadpour 2
  • Mohammad Javan-Nikkhah 1
1 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
2 Higher Education Center of Shahid Bakeri Miyandoab, Urmia University, Miyandoab, Iran
چکیده [English]

Barley leaf stripe caused by the fungus Pyrenophora graminea, is one of the most important and devastating barley diseases in Iran. A total of 121 P. graminea isolates was recovered from cultivated barley in West Azerbaijan (Miyandoab region), East Azerbaijan (Miyaneh region), Ardebil (Ardebil region) and Zanjan (Khorramdareh region) provinces in 2016. After morphological and molecular identification, mating type primers were designed based on a conserved DNA binding (alpha domain) in MAT-1 and the high mobility group (HMG) domain in MAT-2. Frequency of mating type idiomorphs of P. graminea isolates were done by Multiplex PCR. Among 121 isolates, 56 isolates amplified by MAT-1 primer and 65 isolates by MAT-2 primer. Frequencies of two mating types in Khorramdareh (1) and Miyandoab populations had an excess of the MAT-1 and MAT-2 alleles, respectively. According to the results of the Chi-square test (X2), Miyaneh, Ardebil (1 and 2) and Khoramdareh (2) populations had not significant difference in compared with Khorramdareh (1) and Miyandoab populations. Therefore, these four populations have the highest potential for sexual reproduction than the two populations of Miyandoab and Khorramdareh (1). In addition, isolates from all of the populations were studied to evaluate the sexual fertility through directed crossing with opposite mating types. After six months, pseudothecia formed in media without mature asci and ascospores.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Hordeum vulgare
  • idiomorphs
  • Primer designing
  • Sexual reproduction
  • Ascocarp
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